Degradation of Proteins and Colloids in Daily Life
Simple explanation about "Degradation of Proteins and Colloids in Daily Life". Thankyou for my junior, all of you have tried :)
Protein
Degradation is a way to digest what was brought by endocytosis. There are two
types of Protein Degradation, Lysosome and Ubiquitin. Lysosome is
major digestive
organelle for both cytosolic and extracellular molecules. Lysosome also
contains many hydrolytic enzymes, like proteases, lipases, glycosidases. Degradation
in lysosomes have 5 different mechanisms. Endocytosis, crinophagy,
macroautophagy, microautophagy, and direct translocation from cytosol.
Ubiquitin is tiny cytosolic protein. Covalently added to proteins destined for
degradation and also added post-translationally to lysine residues.
A colloid is a substance in which
micro
scopically dispersed insoluble particles are suspended throughout another substance. A common method of classifying colloids is based on the phase of the dispersed substance and what phase it is dispersed in. The types of colloids includes sol, emulsion, foam, and aerosol :
scopically dispersed insoluble particles are suspended throughout another substance. A common method of classifying colloids is based on the phase of the dispersed substance and what phase it is dispersed in. The types of colloids includes sol, emulsion, foam, and aerosol :
- Sol is a colloidal suspension with
solid particles in a liquid.
- Emulsion is between two liquids.
- Foam is formed when many gas particles
are trapped in a liquid or solid.
- Aerosol contains small particles of
liquid or solid dispersed in a gas.
So, Is dust a colloid ? and the answer is
yes dust is a colloid. It consists of a solid in a gas, so it is a aerosol.
(Ilham Akbar Farhani, 2014)
Some bodybuilding supplements claim to reduce
the protein breakdown by reducing or blocking the number of catabolic hormones
within the body. This is believed to increase anabolism. However if protein
breakdown falls too low then the body would not be able to remove muscle cells
that have been damaged during workouts which would in turn prevent the growth
of new muscle cells. When older proteins are broken down in the body, they must
be replaced. This concept is called protein turnover, and different types of
proteins have very different turnover rates. Protein synthesis occurs during
the process of translation on ribosomes.
The enhanced protein
degradation associated with diabetes and starvation is fundamentally different
from normal protein catabolism. In normal eukaryotic cells large molecular
weight proteins tend to be degraded more rapidly than small proteins, acidic proteins
tend to be degraded more rapidly than neutral or basic proteins, and
glycoproteins tend to be degraded more rapidly than nonglycoproteins. All three
of these general correlations are absent or markedly reduced in liver and
muscle of diabetic and starved rats. In contrast, the correlations between
proteins size and half-life, between protein net charge and half-life, and
between protein carbohydrate content and half-life are not affected in brain of
diabetic or starved animals. These results suggest that diabetes and starvation
alter the general characteristics of intracellular protein degradation in
target tissues of insulin. Degradation of serum proteins is also affected in
diabetes and starvation. In normal animals a general correlation exists between
isoelectric points of serum proteins and their degradative rates. This
relationship is abolished in diabetes and starvation, as it is among liver and
muscle proteins.
Colloidal system or colloidal dispersion is a
heterogeneous system which is made up of Dispersed phase and Dispersion medium.
In colloidal dispersion one substance is dispersed as very fine particles in
another substance called dispersion medium. In case of dust, solid particles
are dispersed in air as dispersion medium.
Diffusive Transport of Organic
Colloids from Sediment Beds
Organic
colloids resulting from sediment diagenesis in porewaters are transported
across the sediment-water interface via Brownian diffusion. he effects of
electrolytes on the sediment-to-water flux of colloids varied depending on the
type and concentration of the electrolyte. An ionic strength of 0.5 M reduced
the flux of colloids; the effect being greater for KCl than for NaCl at the
same ionic strength. The effects of different electrolytes (viz., NaCl, KCl,
and CaCl2) on the porewater colloid
concentrations were studied in batch experiments. The effects of sediment
diagenesis on the porewater colloids and the sediment total organic carbon (TOC)
in a natural environment are illustrated using data from New Bedford Harbor
(NBH), Mass.
Example of Colloidal Dispersions
Different Types of Colloidal Dispersion and their examples are summarized in
table below.
Type of Colloidal Dispersions
|
Examples
|
Foam
|
Soap,
beer, lemonade
|
Solid
foam
|
Pumice
stone
|
Liquid
Aerosol
|
Fog,
dust
|
Emulsions
|
Milk,
rubber
|
Gel
|
Butter,
Cheese
|
Solid
Aerosol
|
Dust
|
Sol
or Colloidal Suspension
|
Paste,
ink
|
Solid
sol(solid suspension)
|
Pearls,
gem stones
|
(Ema Nova Fajariani, 2014)
A. Degradation
of Protein in Daily Life : Fundamental Process in Lysosomal Function and Protein
Degradation
The degradation of proteins in cells is vital to
survival. Disruption of this process can result in serious disease.Proteins are
building blocks and machines of life. Tens of thousands of them are present in
each cell, where they perform essential tasks for the organism. Once they have
fulfilled their function, they must be degraded to avoid causing damage. One
way in which proteins can be processes inside tiny cellular organelles, the
lysosomes. The transport of the proteins destined for degradation to these
cellular “trash bins” is partly carried out by endosomes, which deliver
proteins from the cell surface to the cell interior.
B. Degradation
of Colloid in Daily Life : Blood Clotting
Colloid system
(well known as colloid) is a kind of two or more mixtures of the homogence
substance. Its size is about 1-100 nm, and it can’t be separated in static
condition. Colloid has some characteristics, they are Tyndall effect, Brown
moving, absorbtion, coagulation, liofil and liofob colloids, electrophoresis,
and dialysis. Colloid can be formed by condensation and dispertion. The example
of the application of colloid in daily life is blood clotting. Blood contains
of the negative protein colloid. If there’s a small injury, then it will be able to be treated by “tawas” that contains
of Al3+ and Fe3+. They will help to neutralize the
particle charges of protein colloid and assist blood clotting.
The Kinds of Colloid :
No.
|
Dispersed Phase
|
Disperse Phase
|
Kinds of
Colloid
|
Examples
|
1.
|
Solid
|
Gas
|
Solid Aerosol
|
Dust
|
2.
|
Solid
|
Liquid
|
Sol
|
Ink
|
3.
|
Solid
|
Solid
|
Solid Sol
|
Colourful
glass
|
4.
|
Liquid
|
Gas
|
Liquid Aerosol
|
Liquid insect
|
5.
|
Liquid
|
Liquid
|
Emulsion
|
Milk
|
6.
|
Liquid
|
Solid
|
Solid emulsion
|
Jelly
|
7.
|
Gas
|
Liquid
|
Foam
|
Milk foam
|
8.
|
Gas
|
Solid
|
Solid Foam
|
Foam rubber
|
(Intan Kartika C, 2014)
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